Circular markings on creatures such as butterflies are effective against predators because they are conspicuous features, not because they mimic the eyes of the predators' own enemies, according to new research.
Many animals possess protective markings to avoid predation, including patterns to reduce the risk of detection (camouflage), to indicate that the animal is toxic or inedible ('warning colors'), or to mimic another animal or object ('mimicry' and 'masquerade').
In addition, many creatures such as butterflies, moths, and fish possess...
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