In response to the 2007 NRC report on toxicity testing in the 21st century, the USEPA has entered into a memorandum of understanding with the National Human Genome Research Institute and the national Toxicology Program to jointly pursue ways to incorporate high throughput methods into hazard identification and risk characterization. in collaboration with these organizations, USEPA researchers are coordinating in vitro, laboratory animal, human and ecological field studies with computational methods for data analysis and modeling to establish a path forward.