The operating principles and performance of a new type of spray nozzle are presented. This nozzle, termed a "ligament-controlled effervescent atomizer," was developed to allow consumer product manufacturers to replace volatile organic compound (VOC) solvents with water and hydrocarbon (HC) propellants with air, while meeting the following restrictions: that the spray mean drop size remain below 70 um, that the atomizing air consumption be less than 0.009, and that atomizer performance be uncomprised by the increase in surface tension or...
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