1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to profile metabolite changes in the livers of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to the synthetic estrogen 17? ethynylestradiol (EE2) via a continuous flow water exposure.
Fish were exposed to either 10 or 100 ng EE2/L for 8 days, followed by an 8 day depuration phase. Livers were collected after days 1, 4 and 8 of the exposure, and at the end of the depuration phase.
Analysis of polar extracts of the liver revealed a greater...
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